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module2
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1992-01-01
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184 lines
NEW SET
A
The nitrogen and sulfur brought back to the earth in acid deposition
may be important in meeting the needs of plants in terrestrial
ecosystems. In non-agricultural systems, forests and wetlands, both may
be having an important positive impact on the growth of plants.
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1
1. Nitrogen and sulfur acid deposition may:
A. offset the effect of acid rain
B. be beneficial in some plant communities
C. cause alienation between plant communities and terrestrial
ecosystems
D. harm forests and wetlands more than agricultural plant communities
E. harm forests and wetlands more than agricultural terrestrial
ecosystems
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b
0
B
Correct.
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wrong answer explanation
B
(B) Nitrogen and sulfur deposition may be beneficial in some plant
communities.
NEXT
NEW SET
B
The consequences of acid rain on soils vary greatly depending on
the type of soil, type of vegetation, and the rates of acid input. Soil
acidification generally results in a less productive soil. However,
acidification is a natural process in humid climates where rainfall
exceeds evaporation and the contribution of acid rain to that process
appears relatively small.
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1
1. This passage suggests that in humid climates:
A. Acid rain has little effect.
B. Acid rain is a natural process.
C. Evaporation minimizes the contribution of acid rain.
D. Evaporation exceeds acid rain.
E. The type of vegetation depends on the amount of acid input.
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a
0
C
Correct.
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wrong answer explanation
C
(A) Humid climates are not much affected by acid rain.
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NEW SET
C
Acid deposition can increase leaching of exchangeable plant nutrients
such as calcium and magnesium, reduce nitrification rates, and cause
other changes in microbial processes near the surface. The greatest
concern, however, is the mobilization of aluminum.
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1
1. This passage suggests that:
A. Calcium and magnesium cause reduction in nitrification rates.
B. Mobilization of aluminum is a microbial process near the surface.
C. Leaching of exchangeable plant nutrients is undesirable.
D. Acid deposition can decrease leaching of calcium and magnesium.
E. Mobilization of aluminum can increase leaching of calcium and
magnesium.
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c
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D
Correct.
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wrong answer explanation
D
(C) Plants need nutrients; the leaching of these nutrients is
undesirable.
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NEW SET
D
Most soil scientists agree that acid deposition will have little or
no harmful effects on agricultural soils because the impact of cropping,
fertilization, and liming practices will totally overshadow any effects
of acid rain on the soil.
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1
1. Soil scientists agree that all of the following limit the effect of
acid rain on agricultural soil except:
A. lime
B. fertilizer
C. cropping
D. plowing
E. none of the above
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d
0
E
Correct.
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wrong answer explanation
E
(D) Lime, fertilization, and cropping limit the effect of acid rain
on agricultural soil.
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NEW SET
E
In natural ecosystems, however, where soil amendments and
cultivation are not practiced, there is concern that soils which do
not resist change (poorly buffered) -- such as extremely sandy soils --
may be subtly affected over long periods of time, a matter of decades.
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1
1. By "soil amendments" the authors probably mean:
A. the Bill of Rights as applied to pornography
B. natural ecosystems affected by acid rain
C. liming and fertilization
D. forests and wetlands
E. extremely sandy soil
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c
0
2
Correct.
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wrong answer explanation
2
(C) Amendment means improvement through change. Lime neutralizes
acid soil and fertilizing improves soil nutrients.
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2
2. This passage and the prior one suggest that poorly buffered soils
in natural ecosystems:
A. resist change
B. require soil amendments
C. may be subtly changed by cultivation
D. may be subtly affected over time by acid deposition
E. are more likely to be affected in humid areas
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d
0
F
Correct.
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wrong answer explanation
F
(D) Poorly buffered soils may be subtly affected over long periods
of time by acid deposition.
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NEW SET
F
The natural resource which seems most at risk is the aquatic system,
which lacks the buffering capacity (or resistance to change) of soil
materials. Acid precipitation can change the acidity or alkalinity from
conditions favorable for fish and other aquatic organisms to conditions
that inhibit reproduction or growth of fish and fish food organisms.
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1
1. The passages suggest that acid rain is more dangerous to:
A. agricultural soil than to water
B. terrestrial ecosystems than to aquatic systems
C. agricultural than to non-agricultural ecosystems
D. non-agricultural ecosystems in humid climates than to aquatic
systems
E. aquatic systems than to terrestrial ecosystems
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e
0
G
Correct.
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wrong answer explanation
G
(E) Aquatic systems are more vulnerable to acid rain than are terrestrial
systems.
end